Zener cards are often
used to test psychic ability. There are five different cards: a star, a square,
a circle, a plus sign and three wavy lines. A deck of 25 Zener cards consists of
five of each symbol. You might find a deck of Zener cards at a New Age store,
from the American Society for
Psychical Research or
you can make your own. Go here to print out a set of cards on your printer. Once
you have the cards, you can begin testing psychic ability.
Difficulty Level:
Easy Time Required:
5 - 15 minutes
Here's
How:
Conduct the
experiment:
Select a "subject" and a "sender."
The subject will be the person whose psychic ability is being tested. The
sender is the person who is looking at the cards to be guessed.
Select
an "experimenter." A third person can act as the experimenter to
oversee the test and make sure it is conducted fairly and properly.
Decide
on the number of trials you will conduct. With your deck of 25 Zener
cards, the subject and sender should decide how many trials they will conduct
in the test; that is, how many times they will go through the complete deck.
The more times you go through it, the more significant will be the results.
Situate
the sender and subject. The sender and subject can be in the same room
although it's preferable that they cannot see one another. Putting the subject
in another room is better. This will prevent the subject from accidentally
seeing the card the sender is concentrating on, either directly or through any
kind of reflection (such as the sender's glasses). It also prevents the sender
from signaling the type of card through any kind of unconscious or subliminal
movements.
Eliminate distractions. The rooms should
be as silent as possible. No TV noise or music should be heard.
Shuffle.
The experimenter should shuffle the deck thoroughly before giving it to
the sender.
Begin the trial. Beginning with the deck
face down, the sender takes the top card and looks at it, again being careful
that the subject can in no way see it.
Concentrate.
The sender concentrates on the symbol on the card. The sender must be
completely silent throughout this test to avoid any unconscious signaling.
Guess.
The subject attempts to "guess" or psychically receive the symbol.
Record
the answers. For each card, the experimenter records whether
or not the guess was a hit or a miss.
Complete the trial. The sender
continues through the complete deck of cards, one card at a time, for as many
trials as agreed upon. The experimenter should shuffle the cards between each
trial.
Analyze the Results: Analyzing the results to see if they are scientifically significant requires a little math and perhaps the aid of a
calculator, so perform this part carefully. Here's how to calculate the results
of your test.
Calculate your odds of being correct. Because there are five different symbols
to choose from, the odds of guessing a card correctly strictly by chance is 1 in
5... or 1/5 = .2.
Write down the total number of guesses made. We'll call this number g. (For
our example, let's say g = 100 guesses.)
Write down the number of right guesses that the subject made. We'll call this
number r. (For our example, let's say r = 28 right guesses.)
Calculate the average score by multiplying the number of guesses made by .2...
or g x .2 (For example, 100 x .02 = 20) We'll call this number a.
Calculate the result of: 1 minus your odds of being correct... or 1 - .2 = .8
Now multiply this result by your odds of being correct... or .8 x .2 = .16
We'll call this number b.
Now multiply this result by the total number of guesses made... or b x g
(For example, .16 x 100 = 16) We'll call this result c.
Use a calculator to figure the square root of c. (For example, the square
root of 16 = 4). We'll call this number s.
Now subtract the average score from the number of right guesses... or r - a.
(For example, 28 - 20 = 8). We'll call this number d.
Finally, divide this result by s... or d/s. (For example, 8/4 = 2)
We'll call this number m.
m is your magic number - what the statisticians call the "critical
ratio."
If m is less than or equal to 1.96, the results are considered not
very significant.
If m is above 2.58, the results are considered significant.
If m is above 3, the results are considered very significant.
Tips:
Remember that significance works both ways. In other words, if
your m score was higher than chance or much lower than chance, the results are
significant.
Again, remember that the more trials you
conduct in a session, the better the test of abilities becomes.
Try
performing the test at different times of the day to see if this seems to make
a difference.
Try other variables, such as just after eating, just after
awaking from sleep, for example, to see if there is a significant difference
in results.